Fungi in cats and how to treat them
introduction
Fungal infections (ringworm) are a common and worrisome disease in cats. They affect the health of the animal's skin and coat, causing itching and hair loss, and can be transmitted to humans, threatening the health of the family. Fungi thrive in warm, humid environments, making long-haired cats—which suffer from moisture accumulation in their fur—more susceptible to infection, especially during the colder months when sunlight is scarce and indoor ventilation is poor.
The spread of ringworm is caused by several factors, including high humidity, poor ventilation, and the accumulation of dirt on unsterilized cat bedding and collars, as well as excessive bathing without thorough drying. With increasing concern about the possibility of infection being transmitted to humans, understanding the mechanisms of prevention, symptoms, and best treatment methods is essential for every cat owner concerned about the comfort and health of their furry friend.
In this series of articles, we will discuss the causes of fungal infections, signs of infection in cats, diagnostic steps, and effective treatment and preventative measures to ensure a safe and healthy environment for both cats and their owners.
Fungal Infections in Cats
Ringworm (skin fungus) is one of the most troublesome health problems for cat owners, especially in long-haired breeds like the Persian, compared to their short-haired counterparts. This is because thick fur creates a more humid and free environment for fungal growth. This infection is more prevalent in the winter, when sunlight, which can kill fungi and bacteria, is less available. Windows and doors are often closed, reducing ventilation and creating favorable conditions for fungal growth.
Cats that may develop fungal infections include
High humidity.
The presence of various types of bacteria.
Cats living in dark corners or enclosed spaces that lack sunlight.
Excessive bathing of cats, especially in the winter, or exposure to water without thoroughly drying them.
Poor ventilation in the home.
Neglecting to regularly clean and disinfect cat sleeping areas and beds.
Using unsterile collars or neglecting to clean them after bathing.
The most prominent signs of fungal infection in cats are
Local and then general itching: The animal begins scratching one area, and if the infection spreads, it may progress to itching all over the body.
Rubbing and nibbling: The cat tends to rub or bite the infected areas, indicating that the fungus has reached an advanced stage.
Fur loss: Bald patches appear at the site of infection, where the hair falls out completely.
Formation of white scales: White, flaky deposits and granules appear on the surface of the fur.
Redness of the scales: As the condition progresses, some scales take on a reddish hue due to inflammation.
Skin reddening: The infected area becomes irritated and red, sometimes accompanied by slight swelling.
Prevention after Fungal Treatment
Regularly Disinfect the Environment and Tools
Use a strong disinfectant (such as a 1:10 diluted bleach solution or hydrogen peroxide disinfectants) to clean the floors, corners, and furniture where cats hide.
Regularly wash cat bedding and pillows at 60°C or hotter, and dry them thoroughly in the sun or in an electric dryer.
Clean cat collars and toys with a cotton ball dipped in disinfectant, making sure to use a new cotton ball for each affected area. Then rinse and dry them thoroughly.
Ventilation and Sunlight
Open windows and doors daily to ventilate the room, even in winter, to ensure fresh air and prevent dampness.
Expose your cat to direct sunlight for 15–20 minutes daily; ultraviolet light helps kill fungal spores.
Cats' Personal Hygiene
Dry your cat completely after bathing with a clean towel or a hair dryer on low heat.
Avoid excessive, unnecessary bathing, as over-washing can stress your cat's skin and increase the risk of infection.
Use a medicated antifungal shampoo twice a week until the treatment period is complete.
Strengthening Immunity
Provide a balanced diet rich in proteins and vitamins (especially vitamins A and E) to boost your cat's skin's resistance to disease.
Consult your veterinarian about providing your cat with immune-boosting supplements such as omega-3 and omega-6.
Transmission between Animals and Humans
Incubation Stage: Lasts approximately 14 days after exposure to the fungus before symptoms appear.
Immune-compromised animals: Kittens, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions are more susceptible. Some cats may carry the fungus without showing any obvious signs, increasing the risk of transmission.
Methods of Transmission
Direct contact with infected skin (animal-to-animal or human-to-animal).
Contact with contaminated objects (pillows, grooming brushes, beds).
Human-to-animal Transmission: The fungus can be transmitted from infected human skin to cats, but transmission is not limited to the reverse.
Preventive Measures
Wear vinyl gloves when handling infected areas.
Wash your hands thoroughly after touching the cat or its equipment.
Avoid sharing towels or blankets between cats and family members.
Fungal Treatment
Spotted Cleaning
Moisten a cotton ball with a diluted Dettol solution (one cotton ball per area) and gently wipe it over the affected area to remove scales and buildup.
Then apply a medicated antifungal shampoo (such as Clotrimazole or Miconazole) and massage the affected area for 3–5 minutes before rinsing.
Repeat bathing twice weekly until the shedding and scales disappear completely.
Oral Treatment
In severe or widespread cases, your veterinarian may prescribe oral antifungals such as Griseofulvin or Itraconazole, in doses appropriate for the cat's age and weight.
Adhere to the full course of treatment, which may extend to 4–6 weeks, even if symptoms resolve early.
Diagnosis and Follow-up
It is recommended to conduct a Wood's lamp test on hair samples or culture a sample on a special medium to confirm the fungal species and monitor the effectiveness of the medication.
Visit your veterinarian two weeks after starting treatment and again upon completion to ensure the infection is completely eliminated.
By implementing these comprehensive measures, you will reduce the chances of the fungus recurring and maintain a healthy environment for both your cat and your family.
Conclusion
In conclusion, combating fungal infections in cats is a journey that requires a combination of meticulous care and systematic treatment. It begins with early diagnosis, proceeds with topical and oral treatment, and ends with ensuring a clean and sterile environment that resists recurrence. Ensuring the cleanliness of bedding and tools, ventilating the area, and exposing the cat to a little sunlight daily, along with strengthening its immunity with appropriate nutrition and regular visits to the veterinarian, are all essential steps to protect your furry friend and your family from potential risks. By adhering to these measures, you ensure your cat's recovery and continued vitality, while minimizing the chances of transmission between animals and humans.